Vehicle Dynamics (Bicycle Model)

Steady-state cornering, slip angles, and understeer gradients.

Understeer

Mass (kg) 1500

CG to Front Axle (a) 1.20 m

Front Stiffness (Caf)

50000 N/rad

Rear Stiffness (Car)

60000 N/rad

Velocity (km/h) 72 km/h

Steering Angle ($\delta$) 2°

Understeer Grad (K_us):19.85 °/g

Lateral Accel ($a_y$):0.09 g

Turn Radius ($R$):476.3 m

Front Slip (α_f):0.75°

Rear Slip (α_r):0.58°