Vehicle Engineering

Vehicle Dynamics Simulator

Steady-state cornering analysis using the bicycle model — explore slip angles, understeer gradient, lateral acceleration, and turn radius across velocity sweep.

Model

Bicycle Model

Steady-state cornering

Sweep

35 pts

10–180 km/h

Output

CSV

Export ready

Parameters

Vehicle preset

Vehicle Mass1500 kg

8003000

CG to Front Axle1.30 m

0.52.2

Front Cornering Stiffness55000 N/rad

20000150000

Rear Cornering Stiffness60000 N/rad

20000150000

Velocity72 km/h

10180

Steering Angle2.00 °

-1010

Velocity sweep animation

Bicycle Model Equations

Understeer Gradient

K = Wf/Cαf − Wr/Cαr

Yaw Rate

r = (V·δ) / (L + K·V²)

Lateral Acceleration

aᵧ = V·r

Slip Angles

αf = Wf·aᵧ/(g·Cαf), αr = Wr·aᵧ/(g·Cαr)

Current handling: Understeer (K = 11.60 °/g).

Bicycle model assumes small angles and steady-state cornering.

Bicycle Model Diagram

Handling

Understeer

Understeer Gradient

11.60°/g

Lateral Accel

0.130g

Turn Radius

313.9m

Slip Angles vs Velocity

Velocity Sweep Data

Velocity (km/h)	Front Slip (°)	Rear Slip (°)	Lat Accel (g)
10	0.076	0.065	0.010
20	0.262	0.223	0.033
30	0.475	0.404	0.060
40	0.665	0.566	0.084
50	0.816	0.695	0.103
60	0.931	0.793	0.117
70	1.018	0.866	0.128
80	1.083	0.922	0.136
90	1.133	0.964	0.143
100	1.171	0.997	0.147
110	1.202	1.023	0.151
120	1.226	1.043	0.154
130	1.245	1.060	0.157
140	1.261	1.073	0.159
150	1.274	1.084	0.160
160	1.285	1.094	0.162
170	1.294	1.102	0.163
180	1.302	1.108	0.164